水源热泵技术在油田采暖系统中的应用

大庆油田处于亚寒地带,为了降低冬季采暖能耗,开展了水源热泵采暖试验。水源热泵机组由蒸发器、冷却器、压缩机和膨胀阀4部分组成,引入热力学中的逆卡语循环原理,具备冬季制热和夏季制冷两种功能。水源热泵热源介质采用油田注水站内的低温回注污水,该介质具有温度较高、水源稳定、不影响生产运行的优点。利用水源热泵技术,冬季把污水中蕴含的热能"提取"出来,供室内采暖需要;夏季把压缩机工作时产生的热能"释放"到污水中,通过热泵机组制取冷冻水,供室内降温和注水泵电机冷却需要。现场应用表明,与电采暖系统相比,水源热泵技术一个采暖期内可实现节电12.7×104kW·h,创造经济效益6.9万元。同时,热泵机组具有的夏季制冷功能,既改善了工作环境,又解决了注水泵机组运行温度偏高的问题。

The Application of Water Source Heat Pumps in Oilfield Heating System

Daqing Oilfield is located in the subfrigid zone.In order to reduce energy consumption in heating seasons,technicians at the field conducted water source heat pump experiments.A water source heat pump set consists of an evaporator,a cooler,a compressor and expansion valves.The unit utilizes the reverse Carnot cycle theorem in thermodynamics and can meet both heating and cooling requirements.A water source heat pump uses the low-temperature reinjection sewage in the water injection station of an oilfield as the heat source.This heat source has several benefits including relatively high temperature ,stable water source and no interruption to oilfield production.Using water source heat pump technology,an oilfield can ＂extract＂ the heat in sewage in winter to supply it to rooms and release the heat generated from working compressors into sewage in summer to make refrigerated water using a heat pump set to cool rooms and/or motors of water injection pumps.Application shows that compared with an electric heating system ,water source heat pump technology can help save 12.7×10^4W·h of electricity per heating season and generate an additional 69,000 Yuan in revenue annually.In addition,as a water source heat pump set is able to meet cooling requirement in summer,it will not only help improve the conditions of the workplace but will also provide a solution to the problem of high temperature in the water pump set.