Brominated flame retardants in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, East Greenland, and Svalbard |
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Authors: | Muir Derek C G Backus Sean Derocher Andrew E Dietz Rune Evans Thomas J Gabrielsen Geir W Nagy John Norstrom Ross J Sonne Christian Stirling Ian Taylor Mitch K Letcher Robert J |
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Affiliation: | National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada. derek.muir@cciw.ca |
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Abstract: | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in adipose tissue of adult and subadult female polar bears sampled between 1999 and 2002 from sub-populations in Arctic Canada, eastern Greenland, and Svalbard, and in males and females collected from 1994 to 2002 in northwestern Alaska. Only 4 congeners (BDE47, 99, 100, and 153) were consistently identified in all samples. BDE47 was the major PBDE congener representing from 65% to 82% of the sum (sigma) PBDEs. Age was not a significant covariate for individual PBDEs or sigmaPBDE. Higher proportions of BDE 99, 100, and 153 were generally found in samples from the Canadian Arctic than from Svalbard or the Bering-Chukchi Sea area of Alaska. Geometric mean sigmaPBDE concentrations were highest for female polar bear fat samples collected from Svalbard (50 ng/g lipid weight (lw)) and East Greenland (70 ng/g lw). Significantly lower sigmaPBDE concentrations were found in fat of bears from Canada and Alaska (means ranging from 7.6 to 22 ng/g lw). |
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