有机载体固定化柴油降解菌在海洋环境中修复效果的初步分析

海洋石油污染日益严重,且生物修复石油方法中的固定化技术已被广泛研究。但是,营养物质缺乏限制了固定化微生物的修复效果。本文以有机材料(玉米秸秆、玉米棒、玉米叶)作为载体,对固定化降解菌的柴油去除率,以及有机载体释放的营养物质(氮、磷)对固定化微生物的影响进行了研究。结果表明,有机载体释放了一定量的营养物质。此外,固定化降解菌的柴油去除率均超过游离菌。不同的固定化菌的柴油去除率的大小为玉米秸秆固定的降解菌的效果最优（79%）,其次为玉米叶固定的降解菌的效果(70%),最后为玉米棒固定降解菌的效果(43%)。这说明载体的多孔性和富含营养物质的特性有利于微生物降解柴油。并对降解过程中的不同载体释放的氮磷量的变化进行了研究。结果表明,在初始阶段,由于载体释放了足够的营养物质，柴油生物降解的速度较快；后期阶段, 由于载体释放的营养物质不足，柴油生物降解的速度缓慢。

Preliminary Analysis of Remediation Effect of Diesel-Degrading Bacteria Immobilized in Organic Carriers in Seawater

The oil pollution in marine environment has been increasingly serious. The bioremediation of oil by immobilization technologyhas been widely studied. But, owing to lack of nutrient, the effect of immobilization was limited. In the paper, the organic materials (corn straw, corn cob and corn leaf) were as carriers, the diesel removal rate of immobilization was studied, and the effects of nutrient (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) released from organic carriers to immobilization wereanalyzed. The results indicated that the certainamount of nutrients were released organic carriers. Additionally, the diesel removal rates of different immobilized bacteria all were more than that of free bacteria.And,the diesel removal rates were followed by the order of immobilized bacteria on corn straw (79%), immobilized bacteria on corn leaf (70%)and immobilized bacteria on corn cob (43%).These indicated two respects: more porous and nutrient of carriers, which was favor to bio-degradation. Lastly, the change of the nitrogen and phosphorus released from different carriers were studied in the biodegradation. The results showed that in the initially phase, the speed of diesel biodegradation was faster, due to sufficient the nutrientreleased from carriers. While, in final phase, the speed of diesel biodegradation was slow, due to the lessnutrientreleased from carriers.