基于超二次曲线障碍描述的航天器交会对接地面实验研究

航天器交会对接技术是众多空间任务得以开展的关键性技术,在进行空间在轨飞行任务之前,需开展相应的地面实验研究.首先,基于二维交会对接模型,提出了一种基于势函数法的交会对接控制方法.其次,考虑与类矩形障碍物的避撞约束以及与心形目标航天器的安全对接区域约束,并采用超二次曲线去描述该障碍物外形.然后,基于花岗岩气浮平台搭建了二维交会对接地面实验系统,设计了航天器气浮模拟器以及电磁对接机构,并开展了交会对接地面实验研究.实验结果表明了所搭建实验系统的可行性,同时也验证了所提出交会对接控制方法的有效性.

Ground based experiment on spacecraft rendezvous and docking using superquadric curve for obstacle representation

Rendezvous and docking between spacecrafts are key operation for many space missions. It is necessary to perform ground based experiment before space missions. In this paper, based on the model of two dimensional rendezvous and docking, a guidance method using the idea of potential function was presented. A quasi rectangle obstacle constraint described by superquadratic curves and a safety docking area constraint of the target spacecraft with heart shaped curve were considered. Then, a ground based experiment system was built, and two simulators and an electromagnetic docking mechanism were developed. The experimental results showed the feasibility of the experimental system and the effectiveness of the guidance method.