不同钾效率类型油菜的农艺性状及钾素积累特征比较

为了解甘蓝型油菜不同钾素利用效率的植株所具有的表型特征,以长江流域冬油菜主产区广泛种植的34个甘蓝型油菜品种为试验材料,在田间试验小区以最佳肥料用量（每公顷210kg氮,45kg五氧化二磷,67.5kg氧化钾）种植油菜,比较不同品种油菜对钾素的吸收利用率。根据平均值法可将材料分为四类：A-高效吸收高效利用型、B-低效吸收高效利用型、C-高效吸收低效利用型、D-低效吸收低效利用型。比较发现：A类的一次分枝数、一次分枝角果数、籽粒产量和茎秆干物质均显著高于B、C、D三类,每角粒数显著大于D类,而分枝节位则显著小于D类。A类籽粒钾含量和钾（氧化钾）积累显著高于其他类型。地上部钾积累总量表现为A（和C）高于B（和D）。

Growth traits and potassium accumulation in different K efficiency rapeseed cultivars

To study the phenotype of rapeseed with different potassium uptake and utilization efficiencies,agronomic traits of 34 rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） cultivars were investigated.These cultivars were planted widely in major rapeseed（Brassica napus L.） production area along the Yangtze River.Field experiments were conducted under the optimum fertilizer level（e.g.210kg nitrogen per hectare,45kg phosphorus pentoxide per hectare,and 67.5kg burnt potash per hectare）.Tested cultivars were divided into 4 types： A,high uptake and high utilization efficiency;B,low uptake and high utilization efficiency;C,high uptake and low utilization efficiency;D,low uptake and low utilization efficiency.Results showed that A-type had significant higher numbers of first branch,higher seed yield and stem dry weight,larger quantities of first branch siliques than other three types.A-type also had significant larger quantities of seeds per silique and less branch height than D-type.Moreover,A-type had more potassium content and burnt potash accumulation than other types.For total potassium accumulation in above-ground parts,A-and C-type were higher than B-and D-type.