不同贮藏方式对油菜种质资源生活力和农艺性状的影响

为了解在长期库、冰柜和干燥器中贮藏的种质,调查了53份油菜的田间出苗率、主要农艺性状和含油量变化。结果表明储藏11～14年之间的种质田间出苗率平均值都高于储藏19～25年之间的种质,长期库和冰柜中保存的种子出苗率高于干燥器中保存的,表明干燥器不利于种子的长期保存。在长期库、冰柜和干燥器三种保存方式下,11个农艺性状的平均值一致表现为长期库优于冰柜,更优于干燥器;其中全株角果数、单株产量、单株重和分枝高度在三种保存方式下变异较大,变异系数在20%以上;角果宽度和含油量变异较小,变异系数在9%以下,说明不同保存方式不但影响种子活力和田间出苗率,还影响农艺性状。相关分析表明,因保存方式不同,出苗率表现不一致,与之相关的农艺性状也不同;在不同的储藏年限间,出苗率与株高、一次分枝数、全株角果数、主序角果数、单株产量均呈显著正相关。干燥器中保存的种质,因为活力丧失严重,整体出苗率较低,很难判断出苗率与农艺性状间的相关性。

Effect of storage methods on seed viability and agronomic traits of rapeseed germplasm

Major agronomic traits and oil content were investigated on 53 accessions of rapeseed to understand the effect of storage method on seeds,as well as the relationship between seed emergence rate and the agronomic traits.The seeds were stored in long-term gene bank,refrigerate cabinet and hermetically sealed desiccators respectively.Results showed that average field emergence rate of the accessions stored for 11 to 14 years were higher than that for 19 to 25 years.And the average emergence rate and 11 agronomic traits investigated were better in long-term gene bank than that in refrigerate cabinet.Those in hermetically sealed desiccators were the worst.Among the traits,CV（coefficient of variation） of total silique number,plant yield,plant weight,branch height reached more than 20%,but the CV values of silique width and oil content were less than 9%,which indicated that storage methods affected not only field emergence rate but also agronomic traits.Although field emergence rate and its correlated traits varied among three methods,it had significant positive correlation to plant height,first branches,total silique number,silique of main inflorescence and plant yield.For extremely low emergence rate of seeds in hermetically sealed desiccators,relations between emergence and agronomic traits were difficult to be identified.