闸板防喷器密封失效原因及对策分析

针对川渝东部地区高陡地质构造，碳酸盐岩地层，高压、高产、高含硫天然气井特点， 在钻井工程中，一旦发生溢流，要求尽快关井，及时组织二级井控，重建井内压力平衡。闸板防喷器关井速度快、耐高压，是二级井控最重要的设备。文章总结了闸板防喷器使用多年以来，在试验和现场使用中出现过的密封失效问题。通过对闸板防喷器密封失效实例分析判断，根据现场的实践经验，找出了引起密封失效的基本原因，提出了解决办法和对策，以期引起从事防喷器设计、生产、管理、使用人员的高度重视。通过各个环节的把关，消除闸板防喷器密封失效的不利因素，保证闸板防喷器使用安全可靠。

ANALYSIS ON CAUSES OF SEALING FAILURE OF RAM BOP AND CORRESPONDING PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Because of the features of high-dip geologic structures, carbonate formations, high pressure, high production, and high H_2S-content natural gas wells in East Sichuan and Chongqing area, once any well kicks during well drilling, it is required to shut in the well immediately, and organize the secondary well control in time to re-establish the downhole pressure balance. The ram BOP is the most important equipment for secondary well control, quick to shut in the well, and of a high pressure rating. Through case study of sealing failures of ram BOP in many years of experiments and field applications, this paper has summarized the basic causes of sealing failure, based on which the solution and measures to be adopted are also introduced, expecting to attract more attention from the technicians engaged in BOP design, manufacture, management, and operation. In this way, the undesired factors causing sealing failure during each link can be avoided to ensure a safe and reliable application of ram BOP.