Essential Oil of Aegle marmelos as a Safe Plant-Based Antimicrobial Against Postharvest Microbial Infestations and Aflatoxin Contamination of Food Commodities

ABSTRACT:  The essential oil of  Aegle marmelos  L. Correa (Rutaceae) showed strong fungitoxicity against some storage fungi-causing contamination of foodstuffs. The oil also showed efficacy as aflatoxin suppressor at 500 μL/L as it completely arrested the aflatoxin B₁ production by the toxigenic strains (Navjot 4NSt and Saktiman 3NSt) of  Aspergillus flavus  Link. Keeping in view the side effects of synthetic fungicides,  A. marmelos  oil may be recommended as an antimicrobial of plant origin to enhance the shelf life of stored food commodities by controlling the fungal growth as well as aflatoxin secretion. This is the 1st report on aflatoxin B₁ inhibitory nature of this oil.  A. marmelos  oil may be recommended as a novel plant-based antimicrobial in food protection over synthetic preservatives, most of which are reported to incite environmental problems because of their nonbiodegradable nature and side effects on mammals. The LD₅₀ of  Aegle  oil was found to be 23659.93 mg/kg body weight in mice ( Mus musculus  L.) when administered for acute oral toxicity showing nonmammalian toxicity of the oil. GC-MS analysis of the oil found DL-Limonene to be major component.