含锗氧化锌烟尘中有价金属回收利用研究进展

锗在半导体、航空航天测控、核物理探测等许多高科技领域都有广泛而重要的应用.氧化锌烟尘是铅、锌冶炼企业产生的工业固体废渣,其中的锗具有很高的回收利用潜力,是国内外的研究热点.概述了锗在氧化锌烟尘中的赋存状态与提取现状.系统综述了国内外氧化锌烟尘中锗提取回收方法的研究进展,阐述了常压酸浸法、加压酸浸法、超声波强化酸浸法和微...

Research Progress on Recovery and Utilization of Valuable Metals from Zinc Oxide Dust Containing Germanium

Germanium, an important metal, is widely used in many high-tech fields, such as semiconductor, aerospace measurement and control, nuclear physical detection, etc. zinc oxide dust is an industrial solid waste produced by lead-zinc smelting enterprises. Germanium in zinc oxide dust has considerable recycling potential and is a research focus at home and abroad. In this paper, the occurrence state and extraction status of germanium in zinc oxide dust are reviewed. The research progress of germanium extraction and recovery methods from zinc oxide dust at home and abroad was systematically reviewed. The basic principles of atmospheric pressure acid leaching, pressure acid leaching, ultrasonic strengthening acid leaching and microwave pretreatment were described. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were pointed out from the applicability of process routes, control of reaction conditions, recovery and extraction efficiency of germanium, energy consumption and cost. It is suggested that in the leaching process of zinc oxide dust, the refractory substances in the dust can be leach at the same time, so that the zinc and germanium can be leached efficiently and the iron valence state in the solution can be controlled synchronously. Further study on the mechanism of strengthening leaching, simplifying the production process and reducing the production cost are the development direction of zinc and Germanium recovery in the future.