经济调度中考虑温室气体排放约束的新方法

随着2005年2月16日《京都议定书》的正式生效,温室气体排放问题引起了电力工业界的广泛重视。《京都议定书》等新出台的温室气体排放政策本质上体现了配额-交易的排放控制策略,这种策略曾在美国被用来控制氮氧化合物(NOX)以及二氧化硫(SO2)等污染气体的排放。配额-交易排放策略下,温室气体排放不再受到刚性的排放上限约束,取而代之的是一定数量的可交易的排放配额限制。针对这一变化,本文提出了一种在配额-交易排放控制策略下经济调度中考虑温室气体排放的新方法。该方法通过引入排放影响因子将排放产生成本与其他发电成本 (例如燃料成本)一并计入到扩展的发电成本中,在寻求扩展发电成本最小的同时,自动确定系统排放配额的使用量,从而,在整体上确保了系统发电的经济性。文章采用Sorted table based lambda-iteration方法对所提出模型进行了求解,该方法可以同时处理发电成本曲线连续与分段连续的机组。算例分析通过对一个10机系统的测试,表明了本文方法的有效性。另外,文中还对系统运行的经济性与排放之间的折中关系进行了分析。

A Novel Solution for Economic Dispatch with Greenhouse Gases Emission Constraints

With the implementation of Kyoto Protocol (KP) on Feb. 16, 2005, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) has drawn great concerns among the electrical industry. The main mechanism underlying these policies is cap-and-trade approach which has been used to control for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) in US. Under cap-and-trade emission control policies, the emission will no longer be constrained by rigid limits, but flexible tradable allowance caps. According to the new situation, this paper proposes a novel solution for economic dispatch under cap-and-trade emission control policies. Emission allowance cost is treated the same as other input costs (say, fuel cost) for generation in the new method. Emission affection factors are deduced to reflect influence of emission to cost curve for each unit. Then, aim of emission economic dispatch (EED) is to minimize the emission affected augmented production cost. Sorted table based lambda-iteration algorithm is used to solve the proposed model. This algorithm can treat units with piecewise continuous and continuous fuel cost curves harmoniously. Case study on a 10-units system shows the effectiveness of the proposed method. Tradeoff between economy and environment is also analyzed in this paper.