中小学教师工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患及其危险因素的研究

目的为了解中小学教师工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患现状,探讨其发生的危险因素,制定针对性预防措施提供科学依据。方法对某市7所中小学教师进行工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的横断面调查。结果在时间段为过去1 a内,肌肉骨骼疾患患病率颈部最高(42.0%),依次为肩(35.9%),腰(38.4%),背(29.2%);肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率高中教师明显高于初中和小学教师,其中身体的9个部位患病率的差异均有统计学意义;颈、肩部位患病率女性高于男性。工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的危险因素:长时间坐位、站立、同一姿势,长时间保持扭转姿势,没有东西可以倚靠,没有充足的休息时间,每周课时≥14 h。结论教师的职业因素与肌肉骨骼损伤发生具有很强的相关性。

Study on Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Their Risk Factors among School Teachers in China

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influence factors related to occupation and individuals for work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs）,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of WMSDs among school teachers.Methods In a cross-sectional study of teachers from 7 schools,the prevalence of WMSDs during the 12-month period was assessed according to the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire.Results The one year prevalence of WMSDs of the neck,shoulder,low back,upper back amongst teachers were 42.0%,35.9%,38.4%,and 29.2% respectively.The prevalence of WMSDs in the senior middle school teachers was significantly higher than that in the primary school and junior middle school teachers.The prevalence of neck and shoulder pain among female teachers was much higher than that among males.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged sitting,prolonged standing,prolonged static and twisting posture,uncomfortable back support,having insufficient rest time and more than 14 working hours per week were identified as risk factors for NSP and LBP.Conclusion WMSDs are common among teachers.There are strong associations with occupational factors.