煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患的干预效果评估

目的评估煤矿工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)健康教育的效果,为制定预防WMSDs的策略、措施提供理论依据。方法干预的538名煤矿工人群体,在时间段2 a内无任何其他同类干预的情况下,分别于2009年10月和2011年7月对该群体横断面整群抽样,并分析干预前后煤矿工人对WMSDs的认知和态度的变化,以及WMSDs患病率的改变。结果干预后与干预前相比,工人在WMSDs的认知和态度方面皆有改善(P<0.05)。任意部位WMSDs的年患病率在干预前、干预3个月后以及干预后21个月分别为78.3%,64.1%和73.7%(P<0.05)。其中,掘进区工人腰部WMSDs的年患病率下降明显,分别为70.8%、35.0%和54.5%(P<0.05)。煤矿工人根据干预措施采纳程度不同分为"全部采纳"组和"几乎无采纳"组,两组在主观回答WMSDs的防治效果上是不同的(P<0.05)。结论干预措施对掘进区工人腰部WMSDs患病率降低效果明显。在煤矿行业实施针对性的职业健康教育,使工人对WMSDs的"知和信"两方面都有改善,并能长期降低工人任意部位WMSDs的年患病率。因此,在我国针对煤矿行业WMSDs采取健康教育是一种经济有效的干预措施,应长期推广。

The Evaluation of Intervention Effect on Coal Miners WMSDs

Objective To evaluate the intervention measures for Work-related musculoskeletal disorders（WMSDs）in coal miners so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of Work-related muscular skeletal disorders.Method： We have taken a cross-sectional survey for a group of 538 coal miners who were intervened in July,2009 and had not been given any other similar intervention in two years,and analyzed the worker＇s difference with WMSDs＇s cognition,attitude and the change of the prevalence of the WMSDs.Result： Awareness rate of WMSDs before the intervention was significantly lower than post-intervention（P0.05）.The annual prevalence of WMSDs in any part fell（before intervention,3 months after intervention,and 1 year and nine months after intervention,three times respectively for 78.3%,64.1% and 73.7%）,which was statistically significant（P0.05）.The prevalence of WMSDs in excavating area waist was significantly decreasing（70.8%,35.0% and 54.5% respectively）,which was statistically significant（P0.05）.Coal miners were divided into ＂all adopting group＂ and ＂almost no adopting group＂ based on the degree of their adoption.They had different answers to the prevention effect of WMSDs（P0.05）.Conclusion ： Intervention measures reduced the prevalence of WMSDs in the excavating area waist significantly.For coal miners,the specific occupational health education is indispensable,to help the miners realize the WMSDs and decline the prevalence of WMSDs for long.Therefore,these interventions were cost-effective for coal miners,which should be promoted in the long run.