火灾下紧急逃生的虚拟现实系统开发与评估

在真实环境下进行火灾紧急逃生的研究是非常困难的,这不仅需要花费高昂的费用,同时可能对实验参与人员造成人身伤害。随着计算机技术的发展,虚拟现实系统成为研究人在火灾情况下紧急逃生问题的有效工具。本文研究和开发了一种用于火灾情况下紧急逃生研究的虚拟现实系统。在硬件方面,本系统采用6屏环绕式的成像方式,通过具有特殊设计的旋转座椅与虚拟场景进行交互;在软件方面,本系统实现了火、烟雾、爆炸等视觉效果,以及火警警报、爆炸声、燃烧声等听觉效果。更重要的是,本系统通过烟雾发生器在真实环境下产生烟雾,给用户以真实的嗅觉及视觉刺激,从而营造出更具沉浸性的火灾场景。通过20名用户的主观评价对本系统的使用效度进行评估。本系统可以用于评估建筑物布局,研究火灾中人的行为特征以及评价不同干预方法对火灾逃生效果的影响等。

Development and Evaluation of A Virtual Reality System of Fire Emergency Escape

Conducting emergency escape studies in modern buildings under realistic fire conditions can be difficult,which is expensive,and even causes injuries to participants in the experiments.As the development of virtual reality technology,virtual reality system has been an effective tool in the study of fire emergency escape,however,few literatures focus on this issue.This study developed a new virtual reality system for the study of fire emergency escape.In the aspect of hardware,six large-size screens were used to display virtual environment,and special-manufactured revolving chair was used as the interaction device.In the aspect of software,the visual effects（such as fire,smoke and explosion） and audio effects（such as fire alarm,explosive sound and combustion noise） were provided.Above all,smoke was also provided in real environment by a smoke generator to improve immersion by olfactory and visual stimulus.Finally,20 participants took part in the usability experiment to evaluate the new system.This system can be used in the evaluation of building layout design,the study of human behavior in fire emergency and the evaluation of the effect of different interventions on fire escape effects.