静电纺丝法制备Si/C复合负极材料及其性能表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为高分子聚合物配体, 采用静电纺丝法制备了Si/C复合负极材料。利用PVP高温烧结形成的碳作为体积缓冲骨架, 有效地解决了硅在循环过程中的体积膨胀和粉化问题。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的晶体结构及微观形貌进行了研究。结果表明, 材料整体呈纤维状分布, 纤维直径300 ~ 400 nm, Si粒子以“麦穗状”均匀地分布在由无定形碳构成的纤维上。电化学测试结果表明, 复合材料首次充放电的不可逆容量为294.9 mAh/g, 是由于电极与电解液界面间固态电解质(SEI)膜的形成所致。另外, 复合材料在低倍率(0.1C、0.2C和0.5C)和高倍率(1.0C和2.0C)下均具有较高的库伦效率及较好的循环稳定性。

Synthesis and Characterization of Si/C Composite Anode by Electrostatic Spinning Method

Si/C composite anode material was successfully fabricated by an electrospinning method using PVP as macromolecule polymer collocation. The carbon derived from sintering PVP at high temperature plays a rolein buffering size skeleton of silicon, which can effectively improve the volume expansion and pulverization problem of silicon at charge-discharge. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectrum (Raman) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the distribution of composite material is fibrous with diameter in the range of 300–400 nm. A “wheat like” structure is formed by Si particles distributed on the amorphous carbon fibers. The electrochemical test demonstrates that the irreversible capacity at first charge-discharge process is 294.9 mAh/g, which is due to the formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film between the electrode and electrolyte. In addition, this composite material has very high columbic efficiency and excellent cycle stability, both at a low (0.1C, 0.2C and 0.5C) and high (1.0C and 2.0C) rates.