Urea briquette applicator for transplanted rice |
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Authors: | N K Savant P S Ongkingco I V Zarate F M Torrizo P J Stangel |
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Affiliation: | (1) International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), P.O. Box 2040, 35662 Muscle Shoals, AL, USA;(2) Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) UPLB Campus, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines |
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Abstract: | A plunger-type, completely hand-operated applicator prototype, made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), for deep placement of urea briquettes (UB), i.e., pillow-shaped urea supergranules with edges, in line transplanted rice has been developed for use by small-scale rice farmers. The field evaluation of the applicator was conducted in the Philippines during the 1989 dry season. The applicator consistently placed UB at proper depth (7 to 8 cm), which resulted in low concentrations of urea N (<7 ppm) in about 4 cm of floodwater 1 day after placement. These findings indicated that the prototype worked properly. Average work output of the applicator was 0.20 ha workday–1 and may increase with practice. The yields of irrigated transplanted rice in the field trials show that agronomic efficiencies of hand-placed UB and applicator-placed UB were equal and were superior to those of split-applied prilled urea. |
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Keywords: | Deep placement fertilizer application transplanted rice urea briquettes UB urea-N efficiency urea supergranules USG hand-operated applicator |
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