Transesterification of waste cooking palm oil by MnZr with supported alumina as a potential heterogeneous catalyst |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;2. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea;2. Korean Institutes of Ceramic Engineering & Technology (KICET), Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 153-801, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Electrical Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;1. Laboratory for Bioremediation Research, Unit Operations Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, Tamilnadu, India;2. Department of Petrochemical Engineering, JCT College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641105, India;1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | The transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WCPO) with methanol into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was investigated using solid acidic mixed oxide catalysts Mn3.5xZr0.5yAlxO3 prepared via coprecipitation. The effects of reaction temperature, time, molar methanol-to-oil ratio, and catalyst loading were investigated. The stability of the catalytic activity was examined via leaching and reusability tests through five consecutive batch runs. The catalyst achieved a FAME content of more than 93%, and the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: reaction temperature of 150 °C, reaction time of 5 h, molar methanol-to-WCPO ratio of 14:1, and catalyst loading of 2.5 wt.%. |
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| Keywords: | Transesterification Heterogeneous catalyst Waste cooking palm oil Methyl ester |
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