铁尾矿综合利用研究进展

铁尾矿是铁矿开发过程中所产生的主要固体废弃物之一, 也是重要的二次资源。从五个方面详细阐述了目前铁尾矿资源常见的综合回收利用途径: 回收有价元素方面, 一般遵循先预选再提纯的原则, 还会通过阶段磨矿阶段分选和多种选别技术联合作业来应对尾矿的贫、细、杂特点; 制备建筑材料方面, 铁尾矿可在混凝土体系中充当细骨料或活化后用作胶凝材料, 在不同焙烧工艺下能产出熟料、玻化砖、玻璃等多种产品, 还可用于生产水泥砂浆涂料和降噪板材填料; 制作填筑材料方面, 铁尾矿经改性和级配调整后在路面基层、底基层和路基填料层均有应用, 而当其用于调配采空区充填料浆时必须同时满足抗压强度和流动性要求; 生产化工产品方面, 铁尾矿可被加工成陶粒、分子筛等水体净化吸附材料, 可用于催化NO转化为N₂的还原反应和H₂O₂去除有机污染物的氧化反应, 还可以用于生产颜料、白炭黑、调质剂等产品; 用作农用产品方面, 铁尾矿是合适的土壤改良剂原料, 而为实现矿区生态修复常采取生物技术来实现铁尾矿的土壤化和重金属固化。 

Research Progress on Comprehensive Utilization of Iron Tailings

Iron tailings is one of the main solid waste produced in the process of iron ore development, and is also an important secondary resource. The common ways of comprehensive recovery and utilization of iron tailings resources at present are described in detail from five aspects: In terms of the recovering valuable elements, the principle of first pre-concentration and then purification is generally followed, and the combined operation of stage grinding, stage separation and a various separation technologies will be carried out to deal with the poor, fine and miscellaneous tailings. In the preparation of building materials, iron tailings can be used as fine aggregate in the concrete system or as cementitious material after activation. Under different roasting processes, it can produce clinker, vitrified brick, glass and other products. It can also be used to produce cement mortar coating and noise reduction plate filler; In terms of making filling materials, iron tailings are applied to the pavement base, subbase and subgrade filling layer after modification and grading adjustment. When they are used to prepare the filling slurry in goaf, they must meet the requirements of compressive strength and fluidity at the same time. In terms of the production of chemical products, iron tailings can be processed into water purification and adsorption materials such as ceramics and molecular sieves, which can be used to catalyze the reduction reaction of NO into N₂ and the oxidation reaction of H₂O₂ to removal organic pollutants, and can also be used to produce pigment, white carbon black, conditioning agent and other products. In terms of agricultural products, iron tailings are suitable raw materials for soil amendment, and biotechnology is often used to realize soil formation and heavy metal solidification of iron tailings in order to realize ecological restoration in mining areas.