Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea;2. Enco Co. Ltd., Chilgok, Gyeongbuk 718-814, Republic of Korea;3. Institute for Environmental Technology and Industry, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea;1. Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;2. Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. Sustainable Materials Research and Technology Centre, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya;2. School of Bio-systems and Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 10344-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya;1. Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Civil Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | The ability of three plant materials, seeds such as Moringa oleifera, Strychnos potatorum and Phaseolus vulgaris, to act as natural coagulants was tested using synthetic turbid water formulated to resemble the drinking water. An improved and alternative method for the extraction of the active coagulant agent M. oleifera, S. potatorum, P. vulgaris seeds was developed and compared with the conventional water extraction method. In the new method the seeds were extracted using different solvents of NaCl and NaOH to extract the active coagulant agent from natural coagulants. In addition, ultrasound was investigated as a potential method to assist the extraction process. Batch coagulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the extracted coagulant achieved through various schemes. The optimum turbidity removal at different values of initial synthetic wastewater turbidity from 100 to 500 NTU was investigated. Sodium chloride at 0.5 M was found to provide a high turbidity removal of >99% compared to NaOH and distilled water extract. Among these three coagulant M. oleifera seed extracts is the highest performance in turbidity removal. The optimum coagulant dosage showed the coagulation with blended coagulant M. oleifera, S. potatorum and P. vulgaris. The study was carried out for initial turbidity of the sample such as 100 NTU (low), 250 NTU (medium) and 500 NTU (high). For the natural coagulant dosage was found to be 250–1000 mg/L respectively. It was found that the percentage of removal is highest in M. oleifera. |
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| Keywords: | Coagulation Turbidity |
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