Analysis of axisymmetric extrusion of rods by the method of weighted residuals using body-fitted coordinate transformation

The method of weighted residuals with the use of the finite difference method based on a coordinate transformation to nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system to fit the boundary of an arbitrary shape is proposed to determine the stresses and strains in axisymmetric extrusion of rods through continuous dies. By using the body-fitted coordinate transformation, the finite difference expressions at and adjacent to the boundary do not need any interpolation between boundaries and interior grid points. The errors defined for governing equations and boundary conditions are minimized by introducing the method of weighted residuals. The work-hardening effect is incorporated by integrating the effective strain rate along the flow line. As computational examples, four types of dies with different reductions of area are chosen. Experiments are carried out for steel and aluminum alloys at room temperature. The computed results are compared with the experimental results as well as with those by the finite element method. The extrusion load and the flow pattern computed by the present method are in excellent agreement with the experimental results and those by the finite element method.