侧风作用下货车和小汽车行驶稳定性对比分析

为对比侧风作用下货车和小汽车的行驶稳定性,基于8自由度驾驶模拟器,构建了侧风作用下山区高速公路桥隧连接段驾驶模拟平台。招募30名驾驶员进行6种侧风工况下的驾驶模拟实验,采集侧风作用下的侧向位移、横摆角速度、侧向加速度等车辆动态响应和驾驶员反应数据,探讨厢式货车和小汽车的侧滑稳定性、横摆稳定性以及侧翻稳定性。并基于静态稳定系数提出了侧倾比的概念,用于比较不同车型的抗侧翻能力。研究结果表明:在桥隧连接段行驶时,侧风作用下小汽车更易产生侧滑,但厢式货车在持续侧风作用下的侧向偏移更严重；驾驶小汽车相对于驾驶厢式货车能较快地对侧风环境做出响应,侧风感知时间较短；侧风作用下厢式货车更易出现侧翻失稳现象,且在驶出侧风作用区域后仍存在一定侧翻风险。

Comparative analysis of driving stability between truck and car under crosswind

To investigate the moving stability of trucks and cars under crosswind, a driving simulator study based on the eight degree-of-freedom motion system was carried out. The simulation platform was established for the bridge-tunnel section of expressway in mountain area under crosswind. Thirty participants were recruited, and six scenarios were designed with each run in a different crosswind condition. By comparing and analysing the lateral displacement, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration of cargo truck and car under crosswind, the sideslip stability, yaw stability, and roll stability of the vehicles were discussed. Based on the static stability factor, the concept of overturning ratio was proposed to compare the anti-overturning ability of different vehicles. Results show that the car was more prone to sideslip when driving in the bridge-tunnel section under crosswind, and the cargo truck had more serious side drift under continuous crosswind. The car, with a shorter crosswind perception time, could respond to the crosswind environment faster than the cargo truck. The risk of truck rollover was higher under crosswind, and there was still a certain risk of rollover after the cargo truck drove out of the crosswind area.