Influence of heating approach (microwave vs. muffle furnace) and fuel in auto-combustion design of nanostructured Ca2Mn3O8 as support for efficient and reusable catalyst used in green fuel production |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.Box 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran;2. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;3. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O.Box 51335–51996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;4. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O.Box 9177948974, Mashhad, Iran;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran;1. Chemical Engineering Faculty, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran;2. Reactor and Catalysis Research Center (RCRC), Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran |
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| Abstract: | In this article, MgO/Ca2Mn3O8 nanocatalyst was used for the first time in the transesterification process for the production of green fuel from sunflower oil. Besides, the synthesis of layered nanostructured Ca2Mn3O8 was done for first applied by combustion route as well. The effects of two heating sources including muffle furnace and microwave irradiation, and also various fuels including urea, glycine, and ethylene glycol were investigated on the characteristics of calcium-manganese oxide (Ca2Mn3O8) as the support of the nanocatalysts loaded by MgO as active phase. The synthesized samples were characterized by different analyzes such as AFM, HRTEM, FESEM, FTIR, EDX, XRD, and BET-BJH. The nanocatalyst produced by the microwave irradiation combustion method and urea fuel scored the best performance. This nanocatalyst had the highest specific surface area (46.4 m2/g), and better pore size distribution, too. The roughness of this sample was reported at 5.1 nm in the range of 2 μm. It was found that the optimum sample has converted 96.7% of the oil extracted from sunflower seed to fatty acid esters that are gained by transesterification of fats with methanol. This sample exhibited better reusability in the same operating conditions in proportion to the sample synthesized with muffle furnace in twelve runs, which justified the positive influence of microwave irradiation on the catalytic properties. |
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| Keywords: | Microwave Auto-combustion Green fuel Vegetable oil |
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