Therapeutic effect of magnetic nanoparticles on calcium silicate bioceramic in alternating field for biomedical application

The cancerous bone may be treated using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) coupled with hyperthermia treatment technology. During the last three decades, calcium-silicate (CS) based bioceramics have been investigated as a proper choice due to their bioactivity, biocompatibility, magnetization property, and ability to form suitable apatite for hard tissue engineering approaches. For this purpose, three-dimensional bio-nanocomposite scaffolds utilizing bioactive wollastonite (WS) and bioglass (BG) as composed based materials with 0 wt% (S1), 5 wt% (S2), 10 wt% (S3), and 15 wt% (S4) of Zr–Fe₃O₄ are considered in this study. These materials with two various space-agents such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) particles containing ball mill with high energy and pressing under 150 MPa, and sintered at 850 °C are analyzed. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and mechanical tests include of toughness and compressive strength are investigated. The powder's and scaffold's crystals size are measured between 30 and 50 nm, and the pores and porosity size are measured from 70 to 180 μm and 25%–40%. The VSM curves illustrate that the zirconium-ferrite has a soft magnetic property, which is easily magnetized by applying a small amount of magnetic field, and it rapidly loses its magnetic moment by cutting off the field. The low coercive force, as well as high magnetic saturation with low residue, are represented for the S2 and S3. The obtained outcomes indicate that the best amounts of mechanical properties amongst the specimens are related to the specimen with 15 wt%, 7.9 ± 1 MPa of compressive strength, and 203.3 ± 10 MPa of elastic modulus. Likewise, the biological assessment shows that the sample containing 10 wt% MNPs provides a better apatite creation on porous scaffolds after 28 days. The gained outcomes represent that those specimens containing 10 and 15 wt% MNPs provide proper biological and mechanical replies.