A review of bioceramic porous scaffolds for hard tissue applications: Effects of structural features |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Material Engineering, Maybod Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maybod, Iran;2. School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia;3. Department of Biomaterials, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran;4. Pardis Pajoohesh Fanavaran Yazd, BT center, Yazd Science and Technology Park, Yazd, Iran;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur;1. Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2. The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia;3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia;4. Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Tissue engineering has acquired remarkable attention as an alternative strategy to treat and restore bone defects during recent years. A scaffold is a fundamental component for tissue engineering, on which cells attach, proliferate and differentiate to form new desirable functional tissue. The composition, and structural features of scaffolds, including porosity and pore size, play a fundamental role in the success of tissue-engineered construct. This review summarizes the effect of porosity and pore size of bioceramic-based scaffolds on their mechanical properties and biological performances. The focus of this review is on scaffolds with porosities 40% and above. From the mechanical point of view, the degree of porosity is a more important factor than pore size and scaffolds with porosities greater than 40% were more likely to substitute trabecular bones. While for in vitro and in vivo performances, pore size appeared more influential feature and co-existence of macropores and micropores led to better bone formation. |
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| Keywords: | Bioceramics Scaffold Porosity Pore size |
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