Quality of physical activity of children in exergames: Sequential body movement analysis and its implications for interaction design |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institut Nacional d′Educació Física de Catalunya-UdL INEFC, University of Lleida, Partida Caparrella s/n, 25192 Lleida, Spain;2. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, c. Roc Boronat, 138, 08018 Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Science, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;2. Department of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK;1. Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (Bio.Ne.C.), Human Physiology Section “Giuseppe Pagano”, University of Palermo, Italy;2. Human Behavior Laboratory, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland;3. Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain;4. INEFC (National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia) and IRBLLEIDA (Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research Dr. Pifarré Foundation), University of Lleida, Spain;5. Psychiatric Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy;6. Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta;1. Department of Computer Science Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education, CICESE Ensenada, Mexico, 3918 Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, B.C. 22860, Mexico;2. Educational Psychology School, CETYS Universidad Campus Mexicali, Calz. Cetys S/N, Rivera, Mexicali, B.C. 21259, Mexico;1. ADAPT Centre, School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland;2. School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland;1. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil;2. Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Ufam), Manaus, AM, Brasil;3. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (Udesc), Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Educação, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil |
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| Abstract: | Exergames are videogames based on full-body interaction that foster physical exercise during gameplay. Much research has focused on whether exergames foster sufficient physical activity and with which intensity they do so. This is usually measured through energy expenditure and compared to traditional physical activities such as sports or physical education exercises. However, little research has been undertaken on the quality of the physical activity, understood not as how well the movement is done, but as the richness and diversity of physical activity defined by experts, such as diverse types of motor skills (jumps, turns, pivots, manipulative actions, etc) and diverse types of conditioning capabilities (endurance, stretch, general strength, coordination, etc.). Hence, exergames typically address only aerobic (cardiovascular) activity and other types tend to be ignored. In this paper we propose a method for analyzing the types of physical activity (quality) that an exertion interface elicits. We propose this method as an analytical tool which can provide key information to categorize exergames, aid to their design and help designers make sure they achieve game mechanics that elicit the desired types of physical activity. We describe the method through the analysis of two exergames that we developed in the past for our exertion interface for children, called the Interactive Slide. We present the results of a systematic observational method, until now used mainly in sports analysis, which is based on applying sequential body movement analysis to obtain the play characteristics of 48 children. These results -action events and time-based patterns- typify the movement found in the two aforementioned exergames for this platform. We have found significant movement differences between the two, as well as some differences associated to age. Moreover, we show that sequential body movement analysis, which has already been successfully used in the past to analyze sports, can also be effective in analyzing exergames and hence allow grounded discussion on health issues related to their use. |
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| Keywords: | Exergames Systematic Observational Methods Children Exercise Patterns Sedentary Behavior Physical Activity Interaction Design Full-body Interaction |
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