Cyberbullying among young adults in Malaysia: The roles of gender,age and Internet frequency |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical College and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India, India;2. Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi-110029, India, India;3. Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi-110002, India, India;4. School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh-160012, India, India;1. Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;2. Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal;1. Chowan University, 1 University Place, Murfreesboro, NC 27855, United States;2. Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, MSC 11-6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States;3. Old Dominion University, Department of Psychology, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States;1. INICO (Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005, Salamanca, Spain;2. Escuela de Pedagogía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avda. El Bosque 1290, Santa Inés, Viña del Mar, Chile;3. Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí Mexico, Av. Niño artillero 130, Zona Universitaria, C.P. 78240, Mexico;4. Master en Psicología General Sanitaria, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda. de la Merced, 109-131, 37005, Salamanca, Spain;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;2. Department of Communication, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky;3. Department of Psychiatry, Nepean Hospital, Sydney Medical School—Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;4. Department of Psychiatry, Rizk Hospital, Lebanese American University Gilbert and Rose Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the extent of young adults’ (N = 393; 17–30 years old) experience of cyberbullying, from the perspectives of cyberbullies and cyber-victims using an online questionnaire survey. The overall prevalence rate shows cyberbullying is still present after the schooling years. No significant gender differences were noted, however females outnumbered males as cyberbullies and cyber-victims. Overall no significant differences were noted for age, but younger participants were found to engage more in cyberbullying activities (i.e. victims and perpetrators) than the older participants. Significant differences were noted for Internet frequency with those spending 2–5 h online daily reported being more victimized and engage in cyberbullying than those who spend less than an hour daily. Internet frequency was also found to significantly predict cyber-victimization and cyberbullying, indicating that as the time spent on Internet increases, so does the chances to be bullied and to bully someone. Finally, a positive significant association was observed between cyber-victims and cyberbullies indicating that there is a tendency for cyber-victims to become cyberbullies, and vice versa. Overall it can be concluded that cyberbullying incidences are still taking place, even though they are not as rampant as observed among the younger users. |
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| Keywords: | Cyberbully Cyber-victim Internet frequency Age Gender Young adults |
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