A review on neutron-irradiation-induced hardening of metallic components

Neutron irradiation alters the mechanical properties of metallic parts, which are exposed to service temperatures below 40% of their homologous temperature. These working conditions affect most of the components of fission nuclear reactors, making these parts susceptible during service to hardening, loss of ductility, localised plastic deformation and plastic instability. Additionally, there has been a continuous historical increase in the efficiency and service life of nuclear reactors, leading to more severe irradiation exposure during service. In this sense, understanding the mechanisms for the formation and evolution of irradiation-induced defects and their interaction with gliding dislocations is vital for the estimation of the service life of these components and the development of new radiation-resistant materials via alloy and microstructural design. The present paper reviews the use of atomic-scale modelling to simulate the generation and evolution of irradiation-induced defects. Additionally, the interaction between these defects and the gliding dislocations is revised in accordance with the continuum theory and atomic-scale modelling. Finally, the limitations and challenges facing the atomic-scale modelling of radiation damage and defect/dislocation interaction are briefly discussed.