Automation of the elispot technique: Past, present, and future

The Elispot technique has gained much attention over the past few years. Its outstanding sensitivity and general ease of performance has made it one of the most attractive assay candidates for immunomonitoring purposes, including vaccine development and vaccine trials in various phases, diagnostics, and basic research. The demands of the market call for a simplified and automated technique in order to enhance areas of use. This paper describes past and present developments addressing the automation and standardization demands for the Elispot and indirectly connected techniques.