A modeling approach for /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ fractional-N frequency synthesizers allowing straightforward noise analysis |
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Authors: | Perrott M.H. Trott M.D. Sodini C.G. |
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Affiliation: | Microsystems Technol. Lab., MIT, Cambridge, MA ; |
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Abstract: | A general model of phase-locked loops (PLLs) is derived which incorporates the influence of divide value variations. The proposed model allows straightforward noise and dynamic analyses of /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ fractional-N frequency synthesizers and other PLL applications in which the divide value is varied in time. Based on the derived model, a general parameterization is presented that further simplifies noise calculations. The framework is used to analyze the noise performance of a custom /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ synthesizer implemented in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process, and accurately predicts the measured phase noise to within 3 dB over the entire frequency offset range spanning 25 kHz to 10 MHz. |
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