轴箱轴承缺陷状态下的高速车辆振动特性分析

采用SIMPACK动力学软件，建立了一高速车辆出现轴箱轴承早期缺陷的动力学计算模型，将轴承假设为只有外圈和内圈两者之间的相互作用，轴承中的滚子直接等效成若干个力元，分别考虑了轴承的内、外圈以及滚子表面早期缺陷对车辆垂向振动特性的影响。仿真结果表明：当轴承表面出现早期缺陷时，轴箱振动加速度显著增大，而构架的加速度变化不大；当内外圈以及滚子缺陷尺寸（缺陷宽度和深度）相等时，轴承外圈缺陷对轴箱的加速度幅值影响最大，轴承滚子缺陷对轴箱加速度幅值影响最小；随着早期缺陷宽度的增加，3种轴承缺陷下的轴箱加速度幅值均逐渐变大；轴承早期缺陷能够引起轴箱的高频振动，但对车辆的平稳性影响甚微。

Vibration performance of high-speed vehicles under axle box bearing defects

A computational model for a high speed vehicle with early defects in axle box roller bearings was established using the dynamic package SIMPACK. It was assumed that there only existed interactions between the outer ring and inner ring for the bearing, so that the bearing rollers were directly equivalent as several force elements. Then，the early defects located on the inner and outer rings and roller surfaces were considered and their influences on the vertical vibrations of the vehicle system were analyzed. The simulation results show that the axle box bearing defects increase the axle box acceleration significantly, but has little effect on the bogie frame acceleration. when the defect size produced by the three kinds of defects are equal, the defect located on the outer ring surface has the greatest influence on the amplitude of the axle box acceleration, but the defect on roller surface has the least effect. With the increasement of defect width, the amplitude of axle box acceleration under three kinds of bearing surface defects both increases gradually. The bearing early defects can cause high-frequency vibrations of the axle box，but almost has no effect on the vehicle ride comfort.