机车牵引销冲击动力学特性分析

基于车辆/轨道耦合动力学理论，分析对比了选用两种方案转向架情况下机车动力学特性，以及对牵引销结构冲击的影响。以某型米轨机车为例，结合国外山区线路特征，使用动力学软件SIMPACK构建车轨耦合动力学模型。通过模拟实际线路工况分析发现直线工况下由于牵引销纵向自由间隙的存在，在较差线路上高速运行时，由于轨道纵向激励的影响使得牵引销受到较大的纵向冲击，原始方案三个牵引销按顺序最大纵向力分别为165kN、197kN和167kN；改进后方案的牵引销纵向力最大值为165kN、141kN和186kN。小半径曲线工况下原始方案牵引销与横向止档发生剧烈碰撞，第二位牵引销所受的横向冲击最大，达到259kN，而考虑车轮磨耗时，冲击将达到785kN。改进方案牵引销横向冲击较小，均未超过45kN。结果表明：通过小半径曲线时，牵引销产生的巨大横向力可能是造成牵引销固定螺栓松动、剪断的原因。在较差线路上，轨道不平顺造成的纵向冲击这也可能引起该问题。

The Analytics on Dynamic Facture of Locomotive Traction Pin

Based on the vehicle/track coupling dynamics theory, analysis and compae the  dynamics characterastic of two kinds of locomotive bogies,then influence that the impact have on the traction pins.Take a certain type of meter gauge locomotive for instance. Use dynamics software of SIMPACK to establish a vehicle and track coupling dynamics model ,combine with the characteristics of foreign mountain lines.Simulate the actual working conditions. Due to the existence of freedom of traction vertical clearance, The traction pin subject to greater longitudinal impact while running on the poor line in high speed. According to the original program the maximum longitudinal forces of three traction pins are 165kN, 197kN and 167kN. For upswing plan the figures are 165kN, 141kN and 186kN. The Traction pins and horizontal stopper occurs violent collision in mall radius curve condition according to the original program. The second traction pins suffered the biggest lateral impact reach 259kN. While considering the wheel wear, the impact even reached 785kN.As improved method ，the traction pins lateral impact is small, no more than 45kN.The results showed that:the large lateral force generated between traction pins and lateral stop may cause bolts’ looseness and fracture while crossing the small radius curves, On the poor line, longitudinal impact caused by track irregularity may also result in the problem.