高坝枢纽泄洪消能建筑物智能巡检与安全评价理论方法和技术研究展望

西南高坝枢纽众多,高拱坝泄洪孔口及水垫塘等泄洪消能建筑物的定期巡检与安全评价已成为保障工程安全运行的关键。受制于西南河流含沙水体、水下附着淤积等复杂苛刻检测条件,对高速水流与过流面损伤的耦合机制认识不清,缺乏损伤检测、评价的理论方法和技术手段等问题,高效精准巡检和科学全面评价仍存在诸多困难。针对西南高坝枢纽泄洪消能建筑物运行期面临的结构安全问题,系统开展高拱坝泄洪孔口及水垫塘过流面的磨蚀、裂缝等典型损伤特征及演变规律、损伤智能识别及结构安全风险评价等问题研究,揭示高速水流作用下过流面耦合损伤演变机理,突破适用于孔口及水垫塘等复杂环境的自适应智能巡检方法,研发多维感知信息的损伤智能分类与量化关键技术,并构建“巡检-监测-模拟”多源数据融合的泄洪消能结构安全分析与评价模型,并以大渡河大岗山水电站为典型案例,对智能巡检方法和评价模型进行应用验证,以期为高坝运行安全和损伤防控提供切实的理论和技术方法。

Theoretical and Technical Research Prospects for Intelligent Inspection and Safety Evaluation of Flood Discharge and Energy Dissipation Buildings in High Dam Hubs

Numerous high dams operate in Southwest China. The periodical inspection and safety evaluation of the flood discharge and energy dissipation structures of high arch dams, such as the orifice spillways and plunge pools, play a vital role in the safe operation of the hydropower station. However, many difficulties exist in the efficiently accurate inspection and scientifically comprehensive evaluation, owing to the variously difficult inspection conditions resulted from the sediment-laden flow and bed deposition in southwest rivers, the limited knowledge about the failure mechanism concrete surface defects by high-speed water flow, and the lack of essential theories and technologies for defect detection and evaluation. Focused on orifice spillways and plunge pools downstream, which are heavily related with the safety maintenance of flood discharge and energy dissipation of high arch dam in Southwest China, this research will systematically study the typical characteristics and evolution behaviors of erosion and cracks, intelligent inspection technologies of surface defects, and risk assessment methods of structural safety. It will reveal the evolution mechanism of surface defects on orifice spillway and plunge pool impacted and flushed by the high-speed flow, and develop a self-adaptive intelligent inspection method which is applicable under complex quantification of defects are developed by using multi-dimensional sensed information. A safety