高湿热海洋环境低合金结构钢腐蚀研究进展

 21世纪是海洋的世纪,发展海洋工程材料、建设海洋工程强国是推进和实施国家海洋战略的重要内容。南海是中国海上战略要地,也是建设“海上丝绸之路”十分突出的战略支点,具有重要的战略意义。南海海洋环境是一个复杂多变的环境,不同的海域、不同的腐蚀区域、不同的材料所对应的腐蚀行为与机理都不尽相同。而南海高温、高湿的极端环境相较其他海域更为恶劣,对材料的腐蚀行为具有较大的影响,对低合金结构用钢的寿命和可靠性提出了更高要求,对于高湿热海洋环境下低合金船体结构用钢研究的重要性日益凸显。主要介绍了南海高湿热环境下船体结构用钢的耐蚀性评价方法与耐蚀性改进方法。耐蚀性评价方法包括以周浸试验为主的模拟腐蚀加速试验与相关性分析,提出了目前针对南海高湿热环境的模拟腐蚀加速试验在腐蚀介质、温度、湿度、试样尺寸等试验参数设置不统一的问题,阐述了灰关联度分析法、秩相关系数法及神经网络模型等相关性分析方法。耐蚀性改进方法包括合金成分优化、夹杂物改性与组织调控等,总结了Ni、Cr、Cu、Sb、Sn等耐蚀合金元素在高湿热环境下对材料腐蚀行为的影响及作用效果,提出了夹杂物改性方法与微观组织调控在南海环境应用的可能性。为高湿热海洋环境船体结构用钢的后续研究和实际应用提供参考。

Advances in corrosion research of low alloy steel in high humidity and high temperature marine environment

The 21 st century is the century of oceans,the improvement of marine engineering materials plays a critical role in the implementing the national oceans strategy. With the development of the “One Belt and One Road” policy and the exploration of natural resources,the South Sea has attracted a great number of attentions. The extreme environment of the South Sea,characterized by high temperature,high humidity,high salinity and high irradiation has extremely high corrosivity then other marine environments. And the harsh corrosion environment raises a claim of long service and high reliability of the hull steel. There is no doubt about the growing importance of the investigation of the corrosion behavior and mechanism in the harsh marine environment in the South Sea. And there is a serious lack of the corrosion data of hull steel in the South Sea. The evaluation methods and improvement methods for corrosion resistance of the hull steel in tropical marine environment was fundamentally introduced. The evaluation method consisted the simulated corrosion test which was mainly characterized by the dry/wet cyclic test and the correlation study between results acquired form the simulated corrosion test and the outdoors exposure test. The existing problem of the disagreement of the experimental parameter such as the test solution,the temperature and the humidity has been mentioned. The role of the alloying element optimization,the inclusion modification and the control of microstructure evolution on the corrosion resistance improvement was illustrated. The effect of the addition of Ni,Cr,Cu,Sb,Sn and other alloy elements on the corrosion behavior has been summarized. Also the application prospects of the Inclusion modification and the control of microstructural evolution in the South Sea has been proposed. And a reference for the further research and application of the hull steel in the high humidity and high temperature environment of the South Sea was provided.