3种经济类海胆的脂质组成差异分析

目的 对比分析国内3种常见经济类海胆的脂质组成。方法 以性腺基本指数、总脂含量、胆固醇含量、磷脂含量、甘油酯含量、脂肪酸组成、磷脂组成等为评价指标,结合统计分析技术比较不同种类海胆脂质组成的差异。结果 光棘球紫海胆、黄海胆和虾夷马粪海胆总脂占干基的(21.83±0.12)%～(27.21±0.10)%;其中磷脂和甘油酯是最主要的脂类组分,分别占(39.62±0.49)%～(49.39±0.73)%和(30.08±0.01)%～(38.65±0.03)%;磷脂中的主要组分为磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺和磷脂酰肌醇;总脂中脂肪酸主要为C16:0、C18:0、C20:1。对脂类相关数据进行标准化处理,并结合聚类分析和主成分分析,结果显示3种海胆性腺脂类物质中脂质组成、磷脂组成及脂肪酸组成差异明显。结论 光棘球紫海胆相对于其他两种海胆具有较高的营养价值和脂质优势,可作为C20:5n3、C22:6n3及磷脂等功能性脂质分子的重要膳食来源。

Analysis of lipid composition differences among 3 kinds of economic Echinoidea

Sea urchin is a precious sea treasure in China, which is rich in nutrition and high in economic value. However, the quality of different kinds of sea urchins is different. In this paper, the lipid composition of three common economic sea urchins in China was analyzed. The gonadal basic index, total lipid content, cholesterol content, phospholipid content, glyceride content, fatty acid composition, and phospholipid composition were used as evaluation indicators, and statistical analysis techniques were used to compare the differences in lipid composition of different sea urchin species.The results showed that the total lipid content of sea urchins ranged from ( 21.83 ± 0.12 ) % to ( 27.21 ± 0.10 ) %. Among them, phospholipids and glycerides were the main lipid components, accounting for ( 39.62 ± 0.49 ) % ~ ( 49.39 ± 0.73 ) % and ( 30.08 ± 0.01 ) % ~ ( 38.65 ± 0.03 ) %, respectively. The main components of phospholipids are phosphatidylcholine ( PC ), phosphatidylethanolamine ( PE ) and phosphatidylinositol ( PI ). The main fatty acids in total lipid were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C20 : 1 and C20 : 5 ( Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA ). The lipid-related data were standardized, combined with cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the lipid composition, phospholipid composition and fatty acid composition of the three sea urchin gonad lipids were significantly different. Studies have shown that the purple sea urchin has higher nutritional value and lipid advantages than the other two sea urchins, and can be used as an important dietary source of functional lipid molecules such as C20 : 4n3, C20 : 4n6, C20 : 5n3, C22 : 6n3 and phospholipids.