核酸探针在抗生素残留生物传感检测中的应用

抗生素作为动物治疗剂和生长促进剂广泛应用于农业、畜牧业、水产品养殖业，导致动植物食品中抗生素残留量超标，严重威胁人体健康。因此，检测食品中抗生素残留具有重要意义。而现有的抗生素残留检测方法如微生物法、免疫学分析、液相色谱-质谱法、毛细管电泳等，通常具有耗时长、操作复杂、成本高等缺点。生物传感器作为一种高新技术，具有快速简单、灵敏度高、选择性好、成本低等特点，在抗生素残留检测领域具有较大优势。核酸探针作为一种新型生物分析工具广泛应用于生物传感器的开发中，将其引入抗生素残留的生物传感检测为实现抗生素残留的高效检测开辟了新途径。该文从电化学生物传感器、荧光生物传感器、比色生物传感器以及其他常见生物传感器方面综述了核酸探针在抗生素残留生物传感检测中的应用研究进展，并展望了该领域未来的发展前景。

Application of nucleic acid probe in biosensing detection of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics, as animal therapeutic agents and growth promoters, are widely used in agriculture, animal husbandry and aquatic product breeding, resulting in excessive antibiotic residues in animal and plant food, which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, detection of antibiotic residues in food is of great significance. However, the existing detection methods of antibiotic residues, such as microbiological assay, enzyme-linked immunoassay, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, usually have the disadvantages of time consuming, complex operation and high cost. As a new technology, biosensor has the advantages of being rapid and simple, high sensitivity, good selectivity and low cost, indicating great potential in the field of antibiotic residue detection. Nucleic acid probe, as a new tool for biological analysis, has been widely used in the development of biosensors. The introduction of nucleic acid probe to the biosensing detection of antibiotic residues opens up a new way for the efficient detection of antibiotic residues. The application of nucleic acid probe in the biosensing detection of antibiotic residue is reviewed from the aspects of electrochemical biosensor, fluorescence biosensor, colorimetric biosensor and other common biosensors, and the future development prospect of this field is also prospected.