不同规格胭脂鱼的营养成分分析和安全性评价

目的 为了比较分析不同规格胭脂鱼的营养价值和安全性。方法 以小、中、大3种规格的胭脂鱼为研究对象,测定基本营养成分、氨基酸组成、重金属含量和兽药残留量。结果 胭脂鱼规格越小,水分、粗蛋白含量越高,粗脂肪、粗灰分含量越低。不同规格胭脂鱼中均检出17种氨基酸,总量分别为20.70、17.90、20.18 g/100g,其中谷氨酸平均含量(2.88 g/100g)最高,其次是天冬氨酸,为1.95 g/100g,是鲜味氨基酸的主要组成部分,胭脂鱼中富含7种必需氨基酸,含量最高的为赖氨酸,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸百分比为64.01%～65.45%,均符合(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization)FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白模式；根据氨基酸评分和化学评分结果可知,胭脂鱼第一限制性氨基酸均为甲硫氨酸和胱氨酸；3种规格胭脂鱼的必需氨基酸指数分别为101.99、90.16和98.51。胭脂鱼中Pb、Cd、Cr、无机As和甲基Hg等5种重金属均符合食品安全国家标准,且未检出氯霉素、硝基呋喃等兽药残留。结论 综上表明胭脂鱼一种高蛋白低脂肪、氨基酸组成理想、食用安全的高价值鱼类；小规格的胭脂鱼粗蛋白、氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸指数最高,营养价值相对更高。

Nutritional analysis and safety evaluation of different specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus

ABSTRACT Objective In order to compare and analyze the nutritional value and safety of different specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Methods 3 specifications of small, medium and large Myxocyprinus asiaticus were taken as the research objects to determine the essential nutrients, amino acid composition, heavy metal content and veterinary drug residues. Results The smaller the specification of Myxocyprinus asiaticus, the higher the content of moisture and crude protein, and the lower the content of crude fat and ash. All 3 specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus had 17 kinds of amino acids, and the total amount was 20.70, 17.90, 20.18 g/100g, respectively. The average content of glutamic acid (2.88 g/100g) was the highest, followed by aspartic acid (1.95 g/100g), which was the main component of amino acids of umami flavor. There were 7 kinds of essential amino acids in Myxocyprinus asiaticus, of which lysine was the highest, and the percentages of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids were 64.01% - 65.45%, all of which conform to the ideal protein pattern recommended by FAO/WHO. According to the results of amino acid score and chemical score, the first limiting amino acid of Myxocyprinus asiaticus was methionine and cysteine. The essential amino acid indexes of the 3 specifications of Myxocyprinus asiaticus were 101.99, 90.16 and 98.51, respectively. 5 kinds of heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, inorganic As and methyl Hg, were all in line with the national food safety standards, and no veterinary drug residues such as chloramphenicol and nitrofuran were detected. Conclusion Myxocyprinus asiaticus is a kind of high value fish with high protein and low fat, ideal amino acid composition, and safe to eat. The crude protein, total amino acid and essential amino acid index of small size Myxocyprinus asiaticus were the highest, and the nutritional value was relatively higher