适应高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计与生产实践

 当前中国钢铁工业面临着节能减排、绿色发展等多重压力,呈现出减量化和创新性发展的新形态。在非高炉炼铁关键技术取得重大突破及大规模应用前,以高炉为主的炼铁工艺在一段时间内仍将保持主体地位。而高比例球团冶炼是当前中国高炉炼铁的发展方向,是未来钢铁工业实现减污降碳的必然趋势。为了进一步推动高比例球团技术的研发与应用,从球团矿的物理化学性质出发,阐述了球团矿在高炉内的行为,分析了限制球团矿比例提高的因素,从冶金反应机理到工程实践总结了未来高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计发展方向,提出以低碳绿色为前提、以资源和能源利用为基础、以智能化装备为支撑的高炉设计理念。通过对比分析国内外多种高炉炉型、冷却系统、炉缸炉底设计方案,重点分析了多段式炉身、全铸铁冷却壁、串罐无钟炉顶在高比例球团冶炼中的优势,归纳了矿焦槽、热风炉及自动化检测与模型控制等技术特点,给出了适应高比例球团冶炼的高炉系统设计建议。根据球团矿在高炉内的反应机理以及操作炉型对强化冶炼的影响,提出合理的炉料结构的确定方法,最佳的炉料碱度控制标准,以及装料、送风、出铁、热、渣等操作制度。最后,通过高炉冶炼实践,验证了高比例球团冶炼技术经济指标的进步,为今后高比例球团冶炼高炉系统设计及优化方向奠定了基础。

Design and production practice of blast furnace system for high proportion pellet smelting

At present, China's iron and steel industry is facing multiple pressures such as energy conservation, emission reduction and green development, showing a new form of reduction and innovative development. Before the major breakthrough and large-scale application of non blast furnace ironmaking key technologies, the blast furnace based ironmaking process will remain the dominant position for a period of time. High proportion pellet smelting is the development direction of blast furnace ironmaking in China at present, and it is the inevitable trend for the iron and steel industry to reduce pollution and carbon in the future. In order to further promote the research and development and application of high-proportion pellet technology, starting from the physical and chemical characteristics of pellet, the behavior of pellet in blast furnace was clarified, the factors that restrict the increase of pellet proportion was analyzed, the development direction of blast furnace system design for high-proportion pellet smelting in the future from metallurgical reaction mechanism to engineering practice was summarized, and taking low-carbon green as the premise, resources and energy utilization as the basis Blast furnace design concept supported by intelligent equipment was put forward. By comparing and analyzing various blast furnace types, cooling systems, hearth and bottom design schemes at home and abroad, the advantages of multi-stage furnace body, all cast iron cooling staves, and bell less top of cascade tank in high-proportion pellet smelting are emphatically analyzed. The technical characteristics of ore coke tank, hot blast stove, automatic detection and model control are summarized, and the design suggestions of blast furnace system suitable for high-proportion pellet smelting are given. According to the reaction mechanism of pellet in blast furnace and the influence of operation furnace type on strengthening smelting, the determination method of reasonable charge structure, the best control standard of charge alkalinity, and the operation systems of charging, air supply, tapping, heat, slag, etc were put forward. Finally, through the practice of blast furnace smelting, the progress of technical and economic indicators of high proportion pellet smelting is verified, which lays a foundation for the design and optimization of blast furnace system of high proportion pellet smelting in blast furnace in the future.