孢粉化石色变与有机质演化

有机生油学说认为孢粉和藻类是干酪根的组成部分,研究孢粉(包括单细胞的细菌和藻类)化石色变作用能说明有机质的演化。孢粉化石色变作用,即碳化作用,系指孢粉的颗粒掺合在沉积物中,随着埋藏深度的增加,温度增高,压力增大,使其有机组成及结构发生化学、热动力学等一系列的变化。这种变化反映为外表颜色的变化,同时其内部也发生了复杂的结构降解的变化。孢粉的色变作用与沉积的有机质和无机质的热变作用是同时进行的。

COLOUR ALTERATION OF FOSSIL SPORO-POLLEN AND THE EVOLUTION OF ORGANIC MATTER

The colour of fossil sporo-pollen is increasingly altered from light to dark with burial depth, pressure and temperature, when the temperature reaches a critical point, original organic matter is transfered into petro leum. Therefore, by means of the colourity of fossil sporo-pollen, the organic alteration stage can be inferred. In Dongpu Depression, on the basis of our research, a conclusion has been reached as follows, For yellow section, underground temperature is 65-93℃, the colour alteration indicates an immature stage. For brown section, 93-125℃, the colour alteration indicates a mature stage. For dark brown section, 125-151℃, the colour alteration indicates a highly-mature stage. For brown-black section, the underground temperature exceeds 151℃, the colour alteration indicates a supermature stage. The study of the colour alteration of fossil sporo-pollen is an important tool for inferring. The evolution of organic matter provides basic information for oil and gas exploration. For this reason, the colour alteration of fossil sporo-pollen can be taken as an indicator of petroleum generation.