废液和废水中分离回收钯研究进展

贵金属钯在工业生产中应用广泛，然而资源稀缺，价格昂贵，从二次资源中回收钯变得尤为重要。而冶金、电镀、PCB制造和核工业等工业活动中产生的含钯废液和废水是钯的一种占比较大的二次资源。不同来源的含钯废液和废水在钯含量、成分组成和其他特性等方面差异较大。基于40多篇国内外相关文献的分析，总结了从废液和废水中分离回收钯的已有技术，包括沉淀/置换法、萃取法、吸附法和生物法，对各种方法的原理、应用以及优缺点进行了简要介绍。对各种方法的近期研究进展进行了对比，未来研究方向进行展望，为废液和废水中钯的分离回收提供参考。

Research progress on separation and recovery of palladium from waste liquid and wastewater

The precious metal palladium is widely used in industrial production, but the resources are scarce and expensive, so it is particularly important to recover palladium from secondary resources. The waste liquid and wastewater containing palladium produced in industrial activities such as metallurgy, electroplating, PCB manufacturing and nuclear industry are a relatively large secondary resource of palladium. There are great differences in palladium content, composition and other characteristics of waste liquid and wastewater from different sources. Based on the analysis of more than 40 related literatures at home and abroad, the existing technologies for the separation and recovery of palladium from waste liquid and wastewater were summarized in this review, including precipitation/replacement method, extraction method, adsorption method and biological method. The principle, application, advantages and disadvantages of these methods were briefly introduced. The recent research progress of various methods was compared and the future research direction was prospected in order to provide reference for the separation and recovery of palladium from waste liquid and wastewater.