用统一流变力学模型理论辨识流变模型的 方法和实例

 M. Reiner用弹簧、摩擦片和黏壶这3个元件分别模拟岩石的弹性、塑性和黏性，且用其并联组合可组成7个不同的模型。其中与黏壶并联的有4个(包括黏壶本身)，称为基本流变力学模型，对应于与时间有关的4种基本流变力学性态。用这4个基本流变力学模型进行串联组合，可以形成15个流变力学模型(包括4个基本流变力学模型和11个复合流变力学模型)。将包含全部4种基本流变力学性态的模型称为统一流变模型，它包括了其他14个模型，也即其他14个模型都是统一流变模型的特例。根据岩石在不同应力水平下的加卸载蠕变曲线的特性，可以全面地辨识出与15种流变力学性态相对应的15个流变力学模型，且15个流变力学模型与15种流变力学性态是一一对应的关系，对模型的辨识具有惟一性。虽然，在其他文献中有一些模型与这15个模型有差异，但可以通过等效变换转化成为这15个模型之一。根据所提出的统一流变力学模型及其性质，详细论述了用不同应力水平下的加卸载蠕变试验结果辨识与岩石流变性态对应的流变力学模型的方法，并采用2种岩石的相应蠕变试验结果，给出了辨识其流变力学模型的例子。

METHOD TO IDENTIFY RHEOLOGICAL MODELS BY UNIFIED RHEOLOGICAL MODEL THEORY AND CASE STUDY

Elasticity，plasticity and viscosity of rocks are simulated by M. Reiner with spring，slider and dashpot respectively. Seven different models can be constructed by parallel combination of the three elements. Among these seven models，four models containing dashpot in parallel connection(including dashpot itself) are distinguished as four fundamental rheological models，which are corresponding to four kinds of fundamental mechanical behaviors related with time effects. Fifteen rheological models can be formed through series combination of the four fundamental rheological models，including four fundamental rheological models and eleven composite rheological models. The unified rheological model，formed by all four fundamental rheological models in a series，includes the remaining fourteen rheological models，i.e. the fourteen rheological models are special cases of the unified rheological model. The total fifteen rheological models corresponding to fifteen kinds of fundamental mechanical behaviors can be distinguished by load-unload creep test curves under different stress levels. There are one-to-one correspondence between the fifteen rheological models and the fifteen kinds of rheological behaviors. The rheological models in some literatures are of slightly different in form from the fifteen models，but they can be converted to one of the fifteen models by the principle of conversion. Procedures are presented to distinguish the rheological models corresponding to rheological behaviors through the load-unload creep test results under different stress levels by the unified rheological model theory. Two examples for distinguishing rheological models are given；in another word，the load-unload creep test data of two kinds of rocks under different stress levels are adopted in determining the rheological models suitable for the two kinds of rocks respectively.