公共机构既有建筑绿色改造技术适宜性研究

在对600家国家机关和学校两类典型公共机构既有建筑改造项目调研基础上,分析公共机构典型既有建筑绿色改造的不同需求和绿色特征及其与绿色建筑的差距,确定适宜技术筛选范围和原则,建立公共机构既有建筑绿色改造技术体系和技术适宜性分析方法,按照绿色改造通用技术和非通用技术进行适宜性分析,确定公共机构绿色改造技术适宜性清单及适宜性等级。研究结果适合于区域绿色改造技术规划、技术初步筛选,为公共机构选择绿色改造技术提供技术指引。

Suitability of Green Retrofitting Technology on Existing Buildings of Public Institutions

More than 1.75 million national public institutions in 2015,existing building area achieves of billions of square meters,because of the low efficiency of building energy system and the high level of energy consumption,carrying out green energy-saving retrofitting is the urgent need.However,due to the diversity of green building technology and the differences in climate,geography,architectural form and economic conditions,not all green building technologies are suitable for public institutions,which needs to adapt to green retrofitting technology to establish a suitable technology system of green renovation of public institutions and to promote green building retrofitting process of government offices,universities and other public institutions.Based on the research upon the project of existing buildings of 600 typical public institutions of two kinds,including government offices and universities,the paper analyzes different demands,energy efficient features and the difference between green buildings and green retrofitting buildings of public institutions.It also determines the suitable screening scope and principles and establishes the technology systems and technical suitability analysis method of public institutions of existing green buildings renovation,which includes two kinds of the preliminary selection and the suitability level evaluation.The preliminary selection includes six evaluation indexes including environmental and ecological protection permissibility,policies and regulations permissibility,and social customs permissibility and so on.The suitability evaluation system includes three kinds of technical indicators,economic indicators and "Energy-saving,Land-saving,Water-saving,Material-saving and Environmental Protection" demands,and it determines suitable level evaluation in accordance with the evaluation index of the weight,in which it is not suitable for ＜ 60 points,60 points ≤ moderate ＜ 80 points and suitable for ≥ 80 points.It also establishes the technology system of green renovation of existing public institution buildings,and the retrofitting technology is settled in accordance with three-level index system,in which the first-level index for the retrofitting technology is "Energy-saving,Land-saving,Water-saving,Material-saving and Environmental Protection" demands,the second-level index is the classification of the technical categories,the third-level index is specific technical measures.Based on the general retrofitting technology system,the paper selects it in accordance with whether the technology is affected by the climate zone,and proposes a total of five kinds of technology in which 17 kinds of technology belongs to the green renovation of the general technical scope.According to the non-general green renovation technology,the suitability is analyzed by building thermal partitions and the suitability list,and suitability grade of green renovation technology on public institutions are determined.Finally,the feasibility of the method is verified,three typical climate zones are chosen,including the severe cold zone,cold zone,hot summer and cold winter zone,for analyzing the technical and economic efficiency of external wall insulation technology applications,the same suitability results are determined.The analysis result is suitable for the planning of the regional green retrofitting technology and the preliminary selection of technology,and provides technical guidelines for the selection of green renovation technology for public institutions.