超高层竖向分区建筑在能效测评中的表达

<正>确开展复杂建筑的能效测评进而获得能效标识是未来节能监管的关键。针对复杂建筑难以完全按照实际情况建模进行能效测评这一问题,利用PKPM节能系列软件EEP开展了竖向分区超高层建筑的能效测评探索,通过6种模型的构建及其相对节能率的计算发现外围护结构、总空调面积和设备参数是影响相对节能率的主因,其他参数对能效测评影响不大,从而总结了一种模型简化方法,提高能效测评的效率和准确性。据此对具有不规则外形的某超高层竖向分区建筑进行了能效测评,获得其综合能效标识。

Expression of Super High-rise Building with Vertical Zonings in Energy Efficiency Evaluation

With the increase of energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, it will be the focus of future researches on how to reduce the building energy consumption.Among various energy-saving researches, energy efficiency evaluation and labeling has guiding significance in recent years.In contrast, related researches and methods are both very limited, especially for complex high-rise buildings.The software of EEP in PKPM and BEEC developed by China Academy of Building Research and the SWARE Company respectively has been used for energy efficiency evaluation and labeling in China recently.The reported applications were nearly for simple buildings, but it''s rare for complex high-rise buildings.The most difficult problems in energy efficiency evaluation for complex buildings include two points.One is how to establish the accurate calculation models, and the other is how to reduce the amount of computation, which both will help to obtain accurate result.Based on the EEP software, the energy efficiency evaluation and labeling was made for a complex super high-rise building with vertical zonings.Six models were established according to the actual situation.And comparisons between different models were carried out in details.After the comparison of model 1 and model 2, it was found that ignoring units with lower cooling capacity was a mistake for buildings with vertical zoning buildings, especially when the cooling capacity of all the units were close.After the comparison of model 2a, 3 and 4, it was observed that the calculation area of air conditioning was related to the energy-saving rate.And the main factors of energy-saving rate were studied based on the model 4.It was discovered that relative energy-saving rate was mainly determined by outer-building envelope (including shading coefficient, heat transfer coefficient of glass curtain wall or outside window, heat transfer coefficient of roof in turn), total air-conditioning areas and device parameters.And other factors about internal maintenance structure such as materials and thickness, etc., were negligible.A suitable method for establishing accurate calculation model of complex high-rise buildings with vertical zonings was deduced, which would increase the efficiency and accuracy during energy efficiency evaluation and labeling.Based on this method, a complete energy efficiency evaluation and labeling was made for a super high-rise building with vertical zonings.The selected building has three zones, lower area of the tower with podium and basement (low zone), higher area of the tower (high zone) and VIP zone (45-49 floors).The cooling capacity of units in low zone and high zone are similar, which is much higher than VIP zone.Based on the comprehensive analysis of building situation, three separate models were established in accordance with the factual situation.And model editing, load calculation and energy efficiency evaluation and labeling were successively carried out.The relative energy-saving rate of low zone was 15.75％ (base item);the design met the existing national energy-saving design standards for building requirements (provision item);and other designs could obtain additional 55 points after document review and on-site review (selected item).So the grade of low zone was two stars.The relative energy-saving rate of high zone was 20.59％, additional 55 points added, and the grade of high zone was also two stars.The relative energy-saving rate of VIP zone was 12.86％, and additional 60 points added (air-cooled heat pump unit were used, so the point was higher than low and high zones with water cooling units), so the grade was two stars.Therefore, the grade is two stars of the whole building by energy efficiency evaluation and labeling.The conclusion is suitable and reasonable compared with other evaluations with different calculation models.