南昌市大气颗粒物中重金属的污染特征研究

为了改善南昌市城市环境质量,给政府部门完善＂生态南昌＂的建设提供科学依据,本项目采集了PM10、道路扬尘、建筑扬尘等样品,并用ICP-AES对样品进行了重金属元素的分析,结合Excel2003,SPSS11.5软件对数据进行统计分析。结果表明：南昌市工业区采样点李家庄PM10的浓度较高（635.5159μg/m3）,主要交通区PM10的浓度高于居住区。南昌市大气颗粒物PM10重金属元素的污染不容忽视,工业区采样点李家庄PM10中Cu、Mn、Pb、Zn的浓度分别为104.5447mg/m3、454.5147mg/m3、325.0281mg/m3,626.7280mg/m3,远高于八一桥头（交通繁忙区）及永外正街（居民住宅区）两采样点。重金属元素按污染程度排序依次为Zn〉Mn〉Pb〉Cd〉Cu〉Cr〉Ni,工业污染是城市大气颗粒物重金属污染的主要来源。进一步拆迁重污染的企业、减少建筑扬尘及道路扬尘、淘汰报废的汽车以及改善能源结构将有利于改善南昌市的空气质量。

Research on Pollution Characteristic of Heavy Metal in the Atmospheric Particles of Nanchang City

In order to improve the environmental quality of nanchang city and provide scientific foundation for the municipal government to perfect the reconstruction of ＂ecological nanchang＂, the samples of PM10,flying dust from roads and construction sites were collected. The heavy metal elements of the samples have been analyzed by ICP-AES, and the data were statistically analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS11.5.The results showed that the PM10 concentration of the sampling spot （Lijiazhuang, an industrial district） was the highest （635.5159μg/m3）,the PM10 concentration in the main traffic district was higher than that in the residential district.The pollution of heavy metal elements in the PM10 of Nanchang City should be paid more attention to. The concentrations of Cu、Mn、Pb and Zn at Lijiazhuang sampling spot, an industrial district, were 104.5447mg/m3、454.5147mg/m3、325.0281mg/m3,626.7280 mg/m3 respectively,which were much higher than that in the two sampling spots of Bayi Bridgehead （a main traffic spot） and Yongwaizheng Street （a residential district）. And the contamination degree of heavy metal elements were Zn Mn PbCdCuCrNi successively. Industrial pollution was the main source of heavy metal contamination of atmospheric particles. In order to have better air quality in Nanchang City, it is advisable to further demolishing the heavily polluting enterprises ,decreasing the flying dust from roads and construction sites, eliminating scrap vehicles and optimizing energy structure.