Evidence for an interaction between alpha-MSH and opioids in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in man

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The usefulness of testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) as a surrogate marker for non-A, non-B hepatitis can no longer be clearly established in the face of anti-hepatitis C virus testing. Application of anti-HBc testing in blood donors for detection of hepatitis B in addition to hepatitis B surface antigen testing (HbsAg) is a matter of debate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the serology and risk analysis data in a group of first-time blood donors. In 1.48% of 16,081 donors, anti-HBc reactivity was found. We invited a study group of 112 donors for extensive interviewing about the risk of blood transmissible diseases, and for serological testing. A control group of 240 first-time donors was studied as well. RESULTS: In the study group, the age was older (p < 0.001), a history of liver disease was more frequent (p < 0.001), and the donor (p < 0.001) or the donor's partner (p < 0.05) had either stayed longer in an HBV-endemic area or had been born in one. Combining these with the serological results, we found that strong anti-HBc reactivity was related to hepatitis B risk factors in HBsAg-negative donors. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HBc testing in HbsAg-negative first-time donors makes it possible to identify hepatitis B risk factors with a prevalence of 0.02%. Our findings also stress the importance of including the history of the donor's partner(s) in the risk analysis before blood donation.