轨道交通TOD地区布局模式的形态演变

TOD地区规划设计的基本布局模式主要包括基于小尺度街廓的方格网模式和环形放射模式,均能从TOD概念诞生以前的轨道站点地区规划发展历史中梳理出演变脉络。1990年代,卡尔索普提出的美国式TOD理念在规划中延续了上述两种基本的布局模式;此外,新加坡发展出了基于大街廓的轨道站点地区规划布局模式。这三种模式对我国的TOD规划实践均产生了影响。本文以布局形式和街廓尺度为重点,结合国外案例及国内实践,对TOD地区的规划布局模式的形态演变进行解读,将三种模式整理为六种主要的布局形态,并总结布局模式的规划设计重点。首先,坚持采用小尺度街廓模式进行TOD规划设计;其次,重视方格网模式的基础作用;再次,突出TOD地区的空间可识别性,在中心地区和重要站点地区,采用环形放射布局依然是一种值得考虑的选项;最后,大街廓模式在现实中普遍存在,因而需要重视这一模式带来的问题。

Urban Pattern Evolution of TOD Area Along Rail Transit Line

The basic planning form of TOD area along urban rail transit line mainly includes straight grid pattern and concentric grid pattern at small block scale. The evolution of these patterns can be reviewed from the history of rail station area planning before TOD era. In 1990 s, American TOD concept proposed by Peter Calthorpe still uses such basic urban patterns. In addition, Singapore has developed a super block scale urban pattern in transit station area. These three patterns have great impacts on TOD planning practices in China. As the urban form and block scale focused, this paper interprets the planning pattern evolution of TOD area along urban transit line with case studies at home and abroad, and summarizes 6 main types of urban form, and provides pattern design suggestions for TOD planning. First of all, small block scale is still an important principle in TOD urban design;secondly, straight grid pattern plays a basic functional role;and then, spatial identity in TOD area should be emphasized, and concentric grid pattern is suitable for those important station areas;finally, super block scale urban pattern generally exists in reality, so it needs to be paid attention to, and its problems can be solved.