英国规划许可中的公众参与——以英国谢菲尔德市为例

英国的城市规划实施管理采取规划许可制度,并有着鲜明的公众参与特色。自1960年代开始,公众参与就是西方社会城市规划发展的重要内容,也是此后城市规划进一步发展的动力。2007年我国《城乡规划法》修订,确立了公众参与城乡规划的法律地位。但是我国的公众参与还仅限于规划编制阶段,规划实施阶段的公众参与主要体现在一书三证的公示,没有更多的内容,而规划实施阶段恰恰是社会矛盾集中、群体性事件频发的“地带”。本文首先挖掘英国公众参与规划许可的根源,然后介绍了英国开发许可申请程序中公众参与的环节,探寻其国家与地方层面公众参与规划许可的法律依据,进而剖析了英国公众参与规划许可的四个特征,即信息公开有诚意、公众拥有发言权、参会议员当众决策、维护规划许可公信力等,最后总结其存在的问题和对我国的启示。期望本文能为我国完善城乡规划公众参与机制、预防和化解社会矛盾、推进城市治理体系现代化提供借鉴。

Public Participation in Planning Permissions in the UK:A Case Study of Sheffield

Planning permission is the basic institution in urban planning implementation administration in the UK,and there is a distinct feature of public participation in its planning permission.Since 1960s,public participation is one of the major contents and driving force in the development of western countries’urban planning.In 2007,Urban and Rural Planning Law of China was revised,in which the legal status of public participation in urban and rural planning was established,but was only limited in the stage of planning making.Public participation in planning permission is no more than publicity of the license files,but it is the planning implementation where social contradictions are concentrated and group incidents occur frequently.This paper firstly uncovers the root causes of public participation in British planning permission,then introduces procedures of public participation,explores its legal basis,analyzes its characters,and finally discusses its problems and enlightenment to China.We hope the paper could help to improve the mechanism of public participation in urban and rural planning,prevent and solve social contradictions,and modernize the urban governance system in China.