收缩治理的理论模型、国际比较和关键政策领域研究

如何保障城市在人口收缩情景下实现平稳的发展转型,已经成为城市治理研究的重要课题。从长历史时期和大空间尺度看,城市的增长和收缩是高度关联的过程。基于这一点认识,文章首先解释了收缩城市文献中常引用的三种理论模型:生命周期模型、启发式模型和政治经济模型,它们为学者理解、总结和归纳收缩治理政策提供了三种截然不同的理论维度。其次,在综述大量案例研究的基础上,本文对美国、德国、法国、日本和中东欧部分国家的收缩治理模式进行了国际比较,分析其城市收缩特点、关键政策行动以及决策形成过程中的内外部条件。最后,本文在发掘全球收缩城市共性问题的基础上,结合我国城市收缩的现实情况,提炼出对我国收缩治理具有借鉴价值的三个政策领域:福利治理、形态管控和吸引力提升。

The Governance of Urban Shrinkage:Theoretical Models,International Comparisons and Key Policy Issues

How to secure a smooth transition of city in the time of depopulation has become one of the key issues in urban governance researches.The growth and shrinkage of urban population are"the two sides of the same coin"if looking at the global urbanization process through wider geographic scope or by longer historical time span.Recognizing the importance of governance in shrinking cities,this paper firstly introduces three theoretical models that were frequently cited in the literatures:the life-cycle model,the heuristic model,and the political-economy model.Each model provides a unique perspective on understanding,interpreting,and conceptualizing the governance of urban shrinkage.Secondly,it reviews literatures on a wide range of case studies and produces international comparisons among the modes of governance of shrinking cities in the USA,Germany,France,Japan and several countries in Central and Eastern Europe.Last but not least,this paper suggests three policy responses for the governance of Chinese shrinking cities:welfare governance,urban form,and residential attractiveness,which are key policy issues and need to be also shared with most shrinking cities around the world.