基于NK模型的复杂系统中的组织结构分析

企业规模的扩大和环境的剧烈变化正在使企业的组织结构和经营活动越来越复杂。从企业动态演化的角度来看。组织结构不仅仅是一个静态和比较分析的概念,更是一个以提高企业绩效为目的、在长期内赢得竞争优势的过程。组织结构从决策权力分配的特征考虑可以分为集权模式和分权模式。通过一个绩效景观模拟模型可以观察到,当企业的决策问题结构"可分解"时,永久分权的组织模式能够给企业带来快速发展的能力,在短期和长期内都能实现较高的绩效。当决策结构"不可分解"时,一种先分权再集权的整合模式在长期内可以使企业达到最佳绩效,但是企业必须承受前期分权模式带来的绩效损失。在决策结构"不可分解"的情况下,只要允许企业分权游走足够长的时间,企业的绩效总能超过永久集权模式的游走,并且复杂性的增加并没有明显削弱整合模式相对集权模式提升绩效的能力。

Analysis of organization structure in complex system based on NK model

With radical changes of environment and more and more big body,firms′opera- tions and organization structure become so complicate.Form the aspect of dynamic evolution of firms,not only is organization structure static and comparative analysis,but also a process that aims at improving performance and creating competitive advantages.By a simulation model of per- formance we can conclude that the decentralized pattern could make firms rapidly develop and reach high performance in both short and long run when the decision problem structure is"decom- posable".When the decision problem structure is"Indecomposable",temporarily decentralized and reintegration pattern leads to the highest performance in the case that firms′withstand the per- formance loss which the earlier period decentralization pattern brings.When the decision problem structure is"Indecomposable",only if we make firms′walks randomly for enough long time, firms′performance can always surpass the firms′that walk randomly in permanent centralized pat- tern,and complex increase doesn′t weaken the ability of improving performance of reintegrated pattern relative to centralized pattern.