Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction of Capparis spinosa seed oil |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Jardim Elite, P.O. 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, 225 Duque de Caxias Norte Ave, Jardim Elite, P.O. 13.635-900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Meat Technologicial Center of Galicia, Galicia street No. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;1. Faculty of Technology, University of East Sarajevo, 75400 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina;2. Biomass Processing Laboratory, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Green Technology, Mission Oriented Research, Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia;1. Department of Applied Biology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;2. Department of Plant Science and Microbiology, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Beniel, km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain;1. Laboratoire de l’Ingénierie des Procédés de l’Environnement, Université Constantine 3, Algeria;2. Université Larbi Ben M’Hidi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria;3. Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, F-13451 Marseille, France |
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| Abstract: | Caper (Capparis spinosa) seed oil growing wild in Iran was extracted using supercritical CO2 and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The experimental parameters of SFE and UAE were optimized using a rotatable central composite design. The highest yield for SFE was obtained at a pressure of 355 bar, temperature of 65 °C, modifier volume of 140 μL, static and dynamic extraction time of 10 and 35 min, respectively, and for UAE was gained at solvent volume of 23 mL, sonication time of 45 min and temperature of 40 °C. This resulted in a maximum oil recovery of 25.1% and 27.9% for SFE and UAE, respectively. The extracts with higher yield from both methods were subjected to transesterification and GC–MS analysis. SFE and UAE processes selectively extracted the fatty oils with high percentage of omega-6 and omega-9-fatty acids. The major components of the extracted oils from both methods were linoleic, oleic, its positional isomer cis-vaccenic and Palmitic acid. |
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| Keywords: | Fatty acid Supercritical fluid extraction Ultrasound-assisted extraction Experimental design Response surface methodology |
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