Measurements of the flow of supercritical carbon dioxide through short orifices |
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| Affiliation: | 1. 1327 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;2. 1303 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;3. 1305 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;4. 737 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;5. 839 Engineering Research Building, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road No. 28, Xi''an 710049, PR China;2. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an 710049, PR China;1. Department of Safety Science Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;2. Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YR, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes the methods used to measure flow rate of supercritical and two-phase CO2 through short orifices. Orifices with diameters of 1 millimeter and orifice length-to-diameter ratios of 3.2 and 5 were tested. Flow rates through these orifices were measured over a broad range of inlet conditions in the supercritical region with orifice inlet pressures ranging from 5 MPa to 11 MPa and inlet densities ranging from 86.5 kg/m3 to 630 kg/m3. The data were compared to the isentropic real gas model for expansion of a fluid through a nozzle in order to observe the behavior of the discharge coefficient. For a given orifice inlet condition, the single-phase discharge coefficient was found to be between 0.81 and 0.87 and was independent of the pressure ratio. The discharge coefficient increased as the pressure ratio decreased when two-phase CO2 was present with orifice inlet pressures of 7.7 MPa and 9 MPa. The critical mass flow rate and critical pressure ratio were determined for each test. The raw data from this investigation are available on the internet.This paper describes the methods used to measure flow of supercritical and two-phase CO2 through short orifices. Orifices with diameters of 1 millimeter and orifice length-to-diameter ratios of 3.2 and 5 were tested. Flow rates through these orifices were measured over a broad range of inlet conditions in the supercritical region with orifice inlet pressures ranging from 7.7 MPa to 11 MPa and inlet densities ranging from 111 kg/m3 to 630 kg/m3. The data were compared to the isentropic real gas model for expansion of a fluid through a nozzle in order to observe the behavior of the discharge coefficient. For a given orifice inlet condition, the single-phase discharge coefficient was found to be between 0.81 and 0.87 and was independent of the pressure ratio. The discharge coefficient increased as the pressure ratio decreased when two-phase CO2 was present with orifice inlet pressures of 7.7 MPa and 9 MPa. The critical mass flow rate and critical pressure ratio were determined for each test. The raw data from this investigation are available on the internet. |
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| Keywords: | Supercritical carbon dioxide Orifice Two-phase flow Discharge coefficient Critical flow Choked flow |
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