Integrated supercritical fluid extraction and subcritical water hydrolysis for the recovery of bioactive compounds from pressed palm fiber |
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| Affiliation: | 1. LASEFI/DEA/FEA (School of Food Engineering)/UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, SP CEP: 13083-862, Brazil;2. DE/IMECC (Department of Statistics), UNICAMP (University of Campinas), Rua Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Campinas, SP 13081-970, Brazil;1. Environmental Sciences Area, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó (Unochapecó), PO Box 1141, Chapecó, SC, Brazil;2. Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;3. Epagri - Research Center for Family Farming, PO Box 791, Chapecó, SC 89801-970, Brazil;1. EQA-CTC/UFSC, Chemical and Food Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. BQA-CCB/UFSC, Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;1. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Politécnica, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia, Natal, RN CEP 59066-800, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN, Centro de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Natal, RN CEP 59066-800, Brazil;1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;2. School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;3. Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland;1. Faculty of Food Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil;2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, Pará, Brazil;3. Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil;4. Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Pará, Rua Manoel de Abreu S/N, Multirão, 68440-000 Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Pressed palm fiber (PPF), a residue obtained from palm oil industry, is a source of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, which are used as food additives. It also has cellulose and hemicellulose that can be used to yield fermentable sugars for the production of second generation ethanol. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of pressed palm fiber provides an oil rich in carotenoids while subcritical water hydrolysis (SubWH) produces hydrolysates with high amounts of fermentable sugars. In this work, the effects of pressure (15–30 MPa) and temperature (318 and 328 K) on SFE of carotenoids were investigated. The SFE extract with highest carotenoid content was obtained at 318 K and 15 MPa (2.3% d.b., 0.81 mg β-carotene/g extract). After the extraction, the influence of process temperature (423–633 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa), solvent:feed ratio (120 and 240), and residence time (1.25–5 min) on SubWH of the extraction residue was studied. At the temperature of 523 K, the highest total reducing sugar yield (11–23 g glucose/100 g carbohydrate) and the highest biomass conversion (40–97%) were obtained for any pressure and solvent:feed ratio. The highest selectivity for saccharide formation was found at 423 K (20–59 mol glucose/mol furfural equivalent). Optimal conditions for high saccharide formation and low sugar degradation product in subcritical hydrolysis were obtained at 523 K, 15 MPa, solvent:feed ratio of 120, residence time of 2.5 min with a total reducing sugar yield of 22.9 g glucose/100 g carbohydrate and a conversion of 84.9%. |
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| Keywords: | Pressed palm fiber Subcritical water hydrolysis Carotenoid Saccharide |
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